RabbitMQ Hello World - Python (pika)

目标

演示最基本的消息发送（Producer）和接收（Consumer）流程，使用 Direct Exchange + 默认队列。

环境准备

pip install pika

完整代码

发送端（producer.py）

import pika

# 建立连接
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost', port=5672)
)
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明队列（幂等操作）
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

# 发送消息
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange='',
    routing_key='hello',
    body='Hello World!',
    properties=pika.BasicProperties(
        delivery_mode=2,  # 消息持久化
    )
)

print("[x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

接收端（consumer.py）

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost', port=5672)
)
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(f"[x] Received {body}")
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)  # 手动确认

# 公平分发：每次只取一条
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(
    queue='hello',
    on_message_callback=callback,
    auto_ack=False  # 手动 ACK
)

print('[*] Waiting for messages. Press CTRL+C to exit.')
channel.start_consuming()

运行步骤

# 终端1：启动消费者
python consumer.py

# 终端2：发送消息
python producer.py

预期输出

• 生产者终端：[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
• 消费者终端：[x] Received b'Hello World!'