Dubbo 服务提供者与消费者完整示例

目标

演示 Dubbo + Spring Boot + Nacos 的完整 RPC 调用链路：定义 API → 提供者实现 → 消费者调用。

完整代码

项目结构

dubbo-demo/
├── api/                    # 公共 API 模块
│   └── GreetingService.java
├── provider/               # 服务提供者
│   └── application.yml
│   └── ProviderApplication.java
│   └── GreetingServiceImpl.java
└── consumer/               # 服务消费者
    └── application.yml
    └── ConsumerApplication.java
    └── GreetingController.java

1. API 模块（api/GreetingService.java）

package com.example.api;

public interface GreetingService {
    String sayHello(String name);
    GreetingResponse greet(GreetingRequest request);
}

package com.example.api;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class GreetingRequest implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private String language;

    public GreetingRequest() {}
    public GreetingRequest(String name, String language) {
        this.name = name;
        this.language = language;
    }
    // getters & setters ...
}

public class GreetingResponse implements Serializable {
    private String message;
    private long timestamp;

    public GreetingResponse() {}
    public GreetingResponse(String message, long timestamp) {
        this.message = message;
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
    }
    // getters & setters ...
}

2. 服务提供者

provider/application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
dubbo:
  application:
    name: demo-provider
  registry:
    address: nacos://localhost:8848
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20880
  provider:
    timeout: 3000
    retries: 0
    loadbalance: roundrobin

provider/GreetingServiceImpl.java

package com.example.provider;

import com.example.api.GreetingRequest;
import com.example.api.GreetingResponse;
import com.example.api.GreetingService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;

@DubboService(version = "1.0.0", group = "demo")
public class GreetingServiceImpl implements GreetingService {

    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello, " + name + "! (from Dubbo Provider)";
    }

    @Override
    public GreetingResponse greet(GreetingRequest request) {
        String msg = switch (request.getLanguage()) {
            case "zh" -> "你好, " + request.getName();
            case "ja" -> "こんにちは, " + request.getName();
            default -> "Hello, " + request.getName();
        };
        return new GreetingResponse(msg, System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

provider/ProviderApplication.java

package com.example.provider;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDubbo
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3. 服务消费者

consumer/application.yml

server:
  port: 8082
dubbo:
  application:
    name: demo-consumer
  registry:
    address: nacos://localhost:8848
  consumer:
    timeout: 3000
    check: false  # 启动时不检查提供者

consumer/GreetingController.java

package com.example.consumer;

import com.example.api.GreetingRequest;
import com.example.api.GreetingResponse;
import com.example.api.GreetingService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class GreetingController {

    @DubboReference(version = "1.0.0", group = "demo", timeout = 5000)
    private GreetingService greetingService;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "World") String name) {
        return greetingService.sayHello(name);
    }

    @GetMapping("/greet")
    public GreetingResponse greet(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String lang) {
        return greetingService.greet(new GreetingRequest(name, lang));
    }
}

consumer/ConsumerApplication.java

package com.example.consumer;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDubbo
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

运行步骤

# 1. 启动 Nacos
cd nacos/bin &;& sh startup.sh -m standalone

# 2. 启动 Provider
cd provider &;& mvn spring-boot:run

# 3. 启动 Consumer
cd consumer &;& mvn spring-boot:run

# 4. 测试 RPC 调用
curl "http://localhost:8082/api/hello?name=Alice"
# Hello, Alice! (from Dubbo Provider)

curl "http://localhost:8082/api/greet?name=张三&lang=zh"
# {"message":"你好, 张三","timestamp":1716500000000}

# 5. Nacos 控制台查看服务列表
# http://localhost:8848/nacos → 服务管理 → 服务列表

预期输出

Provider 启动日志:
  [DUBBO] DubboBootstrap started

Consumer 调用:
  Hello, Alice! (from Dubbo Provider)
  {"message":"你好, 张三","timestamp":1716500000000}

Nacos 服务列表:
  demo-provider → 1 个健康实例 (192.168.1.x:20880)
  demo-consumer → 1 个健康实例

关键点

• @DubboService 暴露服务，@DubboReference 引用远程服务
• version 和 group 用于服务隔离和灰度发布
• 接口定义在独立 api 模块，provider 和 consumer 共享
• Dubbo 默认注册到 /dubbo 路径下，与 Spring Cloud / 隔离