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树莓派 Pico W (Raspberry Pi Pico W)

元器件
开发板
库存 250

介绍

Pico的无线版，搭载RP2040双核Cortex-M0+ 133MHz + CYW43439 WiFi(802.11n)/BT 5.2，264KB SRAM、2MB Flash、26GPIO、4路ADC，支持MicroPython/C/C++/Arduino

规格参数

参数值
ADC4路12位(ADC3被VSYS分压占用)
PIO8路可编程状态机
USBUSB 1.1 OTG
GPIO26路(其中23脚被LED占用)
SRAM264KB
Flash2MB
主控RP2040 双核 Cortex-M0+ @ 133MHz
尺寸51×21mm
无线CYW43439 (802.11n WiFi 4 + Bluetooth 5.2 BLE)
电源1.8V-5.5V
编程MicroPython / C/C++ SDK / Arduino
通信接口2×UART + 2×SPI + 2×I2C

代码例程

树莓派 Pico W WiFi 编程例程 — MicroPython + MQTT + Web Server.md
# 树莓派 Pico W WiFi 编程例程

---

## 示例 1：MicroPython — WiFi 连接 + 闪烁 LED

```python
"""Pico W WiFi 连接 + 板载 LED"""
import network
import time
from machine import Pin

led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)  # Pico W 板载 LED 用 "LED" 字符串

ssid = "你的WiFi名"
password = "你的WiFi密码"

wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect(ssid, password)

print("连接中...")
max_wait = 20
while max_wait > 0:
    if wlan.status() < 0 or wlan.status() >= 3:
        break
    max_wait -= 1
    led.toggle()
    time.sleep(0.5)

if wlan.status() == 3:
    led.on()
    print(f"✅ 已连接！IP: {wlan.ifconfig()[0]}")
else:
    led.off()
    print(f"❌ 连接失败，状态码: {wlan.status()}")
```

## 示例 2：MicroPython — HTTP GET 请求（获取天气）

```python
"""Pico W HTTP GET 获取网络时间"""
import network
import urequests
import time

# 先连接 WiFi（参考示例 1）

response = urequests.get("http://worldtimeapi.org/api/timezone/Asia/Shanghai")
if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()
    print(f"北京时间: {data['datetime']}")
else:
    print(f"请求失败: {response.status_code}")
response.close()
```

## 示例 3：MicroPython — MQTT 温湿度上报

```python
"""Pico W + DHT22 → MQTT 上报温湿度"""
from machine import Pin
import network, time
from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient
import dht

# ----- WiFi 连接 -----
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect("SSID", "PASSWORD")
while not wlan.isconnected():
    time.sleep(0.5)
print(f"IP: {wlan.ifconfig()[0]}")

# ----- MQTT -----
MQTT_BROKER = "broker.emqx.io"
TOPIC = b"pico-w/sensors"
client = MQTTClient("pico-w-001", MQTT_BROKER)
client.connect()
print("MQTT 已连接")

# ----- DHT22 -----
sensor = dht.DHT22(Pin(4))  # GP4

while True:
    try:
        sensor.measure()
        t = sensor.temperature()
        h = sensor.humidity()
        payload = f'{{"temp":{t:.1f},"humidity":{h:.1f}}}'
        client.publish(TOPIC, payload)
        print(f"上报: {payload}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"错误: {e}")

    time.sleep(30)
```

## 示例 4：MicroPython — 简易 Web Server（GPIO 控制）

```python
"""Pico W Web Server — 网页控制 LED"""
import network, socket
from machine import Pin
import time

led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)

# WiFi 连接（略）

# HTML 页面
html = """<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Pico W</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Pico W LED 控制</h1>
<p><a href="/on"><button>LED ON</button></a></p>
<p><a href="/off"><button>LED OFF</button></a></p>
</body></html>"""

addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(addr)
s.listen(1)
print(f"Web Server: http://{wlan.ifconfig()[0]}")

while True:
    cl, addr = s.accept()
    request = cl.recv(1024).decode()
    print(f"请求: {request.split(chr(10))[0]}")

    if '/on' in request:
        led.on()
    elif '/off' in request:
        led.off()

    cl.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n')
    cl.send(html)
    cl.close()
```

## 示例 5：MicroPython — BLE 外设（温度服务）

```python
"""Pico W BLE 温度外设 — 手机可扫描并读取"""
import bluetooth
import struct
from machine import ADC
import time

# 环境温度服务 UUID (标准)
ENV_SENSE_UUID = bluetooth.UUID(0x181A)
TEMP_CHAR_UUID = bluetooth.UUID(0x2A6E)

class BLE_Temp:
    def __init__(self):
        self._ble = bluetooth.BLE()
        self._ble.active(True)
        self._ble.irq(self._irq)
        self._register()
        self._advertise()

    def _register(self):
        temp_char = (TEMP_CHAR_UUID, bluetooth.FLAG_READ | bluetooth.FLAG_NOTIFY)
        service = (ENV_SENSE_UUID, (temp_char,))
        ((self._handle,),) = self._ble.gatts_register_services((service,))

    def _advertise(self):
        name = b"PicoW-Temp"
        self._ble.gap_advertise(100000, b'\x02\x01\x06' +
            struct.pack('BB', len(name)+1, 0x09) + name)

    def _irq(self, event, data):
        pass

    def update_temp(self, temp_c):
        """更新温度值（单位: 0.01°C）"""
        self._ble.gatts_write(self._handle,
            struct.pack('<h', int(temp_c * 100)))

ble = BLE_Temp()
adc = ADC(4)  # RP2040 内部温度传感器 (ADC4)

while True:
    # RP2040 内部温度传感器粗略读取
    raw = adc.read_u16()
    voltage = raw * 3.3 / 65535
    temp = 27 - (voltage - 0.706) / 0.001721
    ble.update_temp(temp)
    print(f"温度: {temp:.1f}°C")
    time.sleep(2)
```

## 示例 6：MicroPython — WiFi + 看门狗（防死锁）

```python
"""Pico W WiFi 看门狗自动重连"""
from machine import WDT, Pin
import network, time

wdt = WDT(timeout=8000)  # 8 秒看门狗

led = Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)

def connect_wifi():
    wlan.connect("SSID", "PASSWORD")
    for _ in range(20):
        if wlan.isconnected():
            return True
        time.sleep(0.5)
    return False

while True:
    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print("WiFi 断开，重连中...")
        if connect_wifi():
            print(f"重连成功 {wlan.ifconfig()[0]}")
        else:
            print("重连失败，30秒后重试")
            time.sleep(30)
    else:
        led.toggle()
        wdt.feed()  # 喂狗
        time.sleep(1)
```

---

## ⚠️ Pico W 编程要点

1. **板载 LED 访问**：MicroPython 用 `Pin("LED", Pin.OUT)`，C SDK 用 `CYW43_WL_GPIO_LED_PIN`。
2. **WiFi 和 BLE 不能同时使用**：CYW43439 限制，需分时复用。
3. **MicroPython 内存紧张**：264KB SRAM — 固件 ~100KB + WiFi 栈 ~60KB ≈ 仅剩 ~100KB 给用户代码。
4. **urequests 内存消耗大**：大 JSON 响应可能导致 OOM，建议用 `ujson` 流式解析或缩小响应数据。
5. **OTA 更新**：可用 `ota` 模块通过 WiFi 下载并烧写新的 `.uf2` 或 MicroPython 脚本。

参考资料

暂无参考文献